{"id":88258,"date":"2026-01-29T16:10:30","date_gmt":"2026-01-29T23:10:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.uchealth.org\/today\/?p=88258"},"modified":"2026-01-29T16:10:30","modified_gmt":"2026-01-29T23:10:30","slug":"es-como-se-diagnostican-los-problemas-cardiacos-en-los-ninos","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.uchealth.org\/today\/es-como-se-diagnostican-los-problemas-cardiacos-en-los-ninos\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00bfC\u00f3mo se diagnostican los problemas card\u00edacos en los ni\u00f1os?"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/div>
\"Desde
Desde reci\u00e9n nacidos hasta ni\u00f1os mayores, un enfoque proactivo de la salud card\u00edaca transforma el estado de las personas con problemas card\u00edacos. Foto: Getty Images.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

En la actualidad, un mayor n\u00famero de personas adultas vive con cardiopat\u00edas cong\u00e9nitas que nunca antes, gracias a los avances m\u00e9dicos y tecnol\u00f3gicos que les han permitido sobrevivir durante d\u00e9cadas despu\u00e9s de su diagn\u00f3stico inicial en la infancia.<\/p>\n

\u201cHace a\u00f1os, pens\u00e1bamos que estos corazones eran fr\u00e1giles y necesitaban refugio\u201d, dijo la Dra. Diana Tsen<\/a>, m\u00e9dico especialista en cardiolog\u00eda pedi\u00e1trica en el Children\u2019s Hospital Colorado,<\/a> quien adem\u00e1s atiende a sus pacientes en UCHealth Pediatric Heart and Vascular Clinic<\/a> ubicada en Steamboat Springs. \u201cPero ahora, animamos a quienes padecen defectos card\u00edacos cong\u00e9nitos a que no vivan aislados. Queremos que lleven una vida normal, disfruten de los deportes y se conviertan en adultos sanos.\u201d<\/p>\n

Tsen atiende a pacientes con problemas card\u00edacos desde el nacimiento hasta los 18 a\u00f1os, e incluso m\u00e1s all\u00e1 en aquellos casos en los que un adulto joven que vive en una zona rural no tiene acceso a atenci\u00f3n cardiol\u00f3gica.<\/p>\n

El cuidado card\u00edaco y vascular en personas adultas<\/a> es muy diferente del cuidado pedi\u00e1trico y tambi\u00e9n se diferencia en c\u00f3mo se manifiesta. En los adultos, los infartos, los accidentes cerebrovasculares y la obstrucci\u00f3n de las arterias coronarias suelen deberse a la edad, a enfermedades y a h\u00e1bitos de vida como el tabaquismo y el sedentarismo. En cambio, los pacientes ni\u00f1os y ni\u00f1as (pedi\u00e1tricos), suelen ser atendidos por problemas card\u00edacos estructurales o el\u00e9ctricos de origen cong\u00e9nito (fallos en el sistema de conducci\u00f3n del ritmo card\u00edaco).<\/p>\n

Problemas card\u00edacos en reci\u00e9n nacidos<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Las anomal\u00edas card\u00edacas pedi\u00e1tricas al nacer pueden variar en gravedad, desde leves hasta graves. La mayor\u00eda de los defectos graves se detectan durante el embarazo, lo que permite que los padres y el personal m\u00e9dico est\u00e9n preparados para tomar las medidas adecuadas al nacer el beb\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Tsen se\u00f1al\u00f3 que los defectos card\u00edacos son los m\u00e1s comunes en los reci\u00e9n nacidos, present\u00e1ndose en uno de cada 100 nacimientos. De estos, el m\u00e1s com\u00fan es la comunicaci\u00f3n interventricular (CIV).<\/p>\n

Durante la formaci\u00f3n del coraz\u00f3n en el \u00fatero, este debe dividirse en cuatro cavidades. Las dos partes superiores son las aur\u00edculas y las inferiores, encargadas del bombeo, son los ventr\u00edculos. A veces se produce un orificio, o CIV, cuando la pared que separa los ventr\u00edculos no se cierra por completo.<\/p>\n

Seg\u00fan Tsen, dependiendo del tama\u00f1o y la ubicaci\u00f3n de la CIV, muchos pacientes con este defecto pueden llevar una vida sana y normal.<\/p>\n

Si un beb\u00e9 presenta una cardiopat\u00eda desde el nacimiento hasta aproximadamente los 12 meses de edad, puede tener dificultad para respirar, cansarse con facilidad o presentar problemas para alimentarse. Estas son algunas de las maneras en que los beb\u00e9s pueden manifestar sus problemas.<\/p>\n

\u201cLa alimentaci\u00f3n es pr\u00e1cticamente el \u00fanico ejercicio que hacen los beb\u00e9s\u201d, explic\u00f3 Tsen. \u201cAs\u00ed que, en lugar de preguntar si se cansa al subir escaleras, pregunto si el beb\u00e9 respira con dificultad, tarda mucho en alimentarse con biber\u00f3n o al pecho, o si no aumenta de peso adecuadamente\u201d.<\/p>\n

Problemas card\u00edacos en ni\u00f1os mayores<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Si se experimenta dolor en el pecho en reposo, Tsen subraya que, a diferencia de los adultos, la mayor\u00eda de estos casos en ni\u00f1os se deben a causas musculoesquel\u00e9ticas o no card\u00edacas. En el caso de los ni\u00f1os mayores, las se\u00f1ales de alerta incluyen s\u00edntomas card\u00edacos que se presentan durante el ejercicio o el esfuerzo f\u00edsico, como dolor tor\u00e1cico, palpitaciones o desmayos.<\/p>\n

\u201cAunque la mayor\u00eda de los dolores de pecho en ni\u00f1os no son de origen card\u00edaco, es completamente comprensible querer asegurarse de que el coraz\u00f3n de su hijo est\u00e9 bien\u201d, dijo Tsen. \u201cPara eso estamos aqu\u00ed: haremos las preguntas necesarias, realizaremos un electrocardiograma y, si es necesario, solicitaremos pruebas adicionales\u201d.<\/p>\n

A menos que se trate de una emergencia, recomienda a los padres que consulten primero con un pediatra si su hijo presenta alguno de los s\u00edntomas mencionados. El pediatra podr\u00e1 determinar si es necesario derivarlo a un cardi\u00f3logo pedi\u00e1trico.<\/p>\n

Si bien la muerte s\u00fabita de atletas de secundaria y universitarios aparentemente sanos en el campo de juego o en la cancha es alarmante, Tsen afirm\u00f3 que este tipo de fallecimientos puede afectar a cualquier persona, no solo a los atletas de \u00e9lite, dependiendo de los antecedentes familiares o de problemas cong\u00e9nitos no diagnosticados.<\/p>\n

Es importante mantener una comunicaci\u00f3n abierta entre los estudiantes deportistas y sus entrenadores, preparadores f\u00edsicos, padres y m\u00e9dicos sobre cualquier posible s\u00edntoma card\u00edaco.<\/p>\n

\u201cUna vez que los estudiantes alcanzan cierta edad y nivel de competici\u00f3n, tienden a querer aguantar el dolor y seguir jugando\u201d, dijo. \u201cNecesitan saber que queremos que sigan jugando, y que nos aseguraremos de tomar decisiones conjuntas con el atleta y su familia si su coraz\u00f3n requiere alguna precauci\u00f3n\u201d.<\/p>\n

Este art\u00edculo fue publicado inicialmente en el Steamboat Pilot.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

En la actualidad, un mayor n\u00famero de personas adultas vive con cardiopat\u00edas cong\u00e9nitas que nunca antes, gracias a los avances m\u00e9dicos y tecnol\u00f3gicos que les han permitido sobrevivir durante d\u00e9cadas despu\u00e9s de su diagn\u00f3stico inicial en la infancia. \u201cHace a\u00f1os, pens\u00e1bamos que estos corazones eran fr\u00e1giles y necesitaban refugio\u201d, dijo la Dra. Diana Tsen, m\u00e9dico […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2357,"featured_media":74379,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_relevanssi_hide_post":"","_relevanssi_hide_content":"","_relevanssi_pin_for_all":"","_relevanssi_pin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_unpin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_include_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_exclude_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_no_append":"","_relevanssi_related_not_related":"","_relevanssi_related_posts":"","_relevanssi_noindex_reason":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[9192],"tags":[9254,9222,9214,9225,9132,9212],"class_list":["post-88258","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-espanol","tag-acceso-a-atencion-medica","tag-cuidados-del-corazon-cardiovascular","tag-noticias","tag-salud-infantil","tag-traducciones-en-espanol","tag-vida-saludable"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nC\u00f3mo se diagnostican los problemas card\u00edacos en los ni\u00f1os - 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