{"id":90067,"date":"2026-04-27T15:28:11","date_gmt":"2026-04-27T21:28:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.uchealth.org\/today\/?p=90067"},"modified":"2026-04-27T15:28:11","modified_gmt":"2026-04-27T21:28:11","slug":"es-como-distinguir-entre-la-bronquitis-y-la-neumonia","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.uchealth.org\/today\/es-como-distinguir-entre-la-bronquitis-y-la-neumonia\/","title":{"rendered":"C\u00f3mo distinguir entre la bronquitis y la neumon\u00eda"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/div>
\"\u00bfEs
\u00bfEs bronquitis o neumon\u00eda? Aunque ambas enfermedades son similares, requieren tratamientos diferentes. Foto de Getty Images.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Si ha tenido una tos persistente, dificultad para respirar y se siente agotado, es posible que tenga bronquitis. Por otro lado, podr\u00eda tratarse de neumon\u00eda.<\/p>\n

Ambas enfermedades presentan s\u00edntomas similares, pero requieren tratamientos diferentes. Y es especialmente importante diagnosticar la neumon\u00eda, ya que puede convertirse r\u00e1pidamente en un problema de salud grave.<\/p>\n

A continuaci\u00f3n, Crystal Henderson, una enfermera de pr\u00e1ctica avanzada en atenci\u00f3n a las familias en la UCHealth Primary Care Clinic en Craig<\/a>, explica c\u00f3mo identificar la diferencia entre una bronquitis y una neumon\u00eda, as\u00ed como cu\u00e1ndo se debe buscar atenci\u00f3n m\u00e9dica.<\/p>\n

\u00bfTengo bronquitis?<\/strong><\/h2>\n

La bronquitis provoca que las v\u00edas respiratorias \u2014 o tubos ramificados que conducen el aire hacia los pulmones \u2014 se inflamen y produzcan mucosidad. Por lo general, es causada por un virus, como el VRS, el rinovirus o la influenza.<\/p>\n

Los s\u00edntomas de la bronquitis incluyen:<\/strong><\/h3>\n
    \n
  • Tos.<\/li>\n
  • Fatiga.<\/li>\n
  • Sibilancias.<\/li>\n
  • Secreci\u00f3n o congesti\u00f3n nasal.<\/li>\n
  • Dolores musculares.<\/li>\n
  • Fiebre.<\/li>\n
  • El esputo \u2014 o la mucosidad que se expulsa al toser \u2014 puede ser transparente, amarillo o verde.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    \u201cLa bronquitis suele durar de cinco a siete d\u00edas, pero puede prolongarse hasta tres semanas sin que, aun as\u00ed, sea de origen bacteriano\u201d, dijo Henderson. \u201cPor eso es un cuadro complicado; puede parecer una neumon\u00eda\u201d.<\/p>\n

    \u00bfTengo neumon\u00eda?<\/strong><\/h2>\n

    Como principal causa de muerte a nivel mundial, la neumon\u00eda es mucho m\u00e1s grave. En los Estados Unidos, se registran 4,5 millones de consultas ambulatorias por neumon\u00eda cada a\u00f1o.<\/p>\n

    Al igual que la bronquitis, los s\u00edntomas de la neumon\u00eda incluyen:<\/strong><\/h3>\n
      \n
    • Tos.<\/li>\n
    • Fatiga.<\/li>\n
    • El esputo tambi\u00e9n puede ser transparente, amarillo o verde.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      Adem\u00e1s de esos s\u00edntomas, la neumon\u00eda puede incluir:<\/strong><\/h3>\n
        \n
      • Fiebre alta y persistente.<\/li>\n
      • Dificultad para respirar.<\/li>\n
      • Dolor tor\u00e1cico agudo.<\/li>\n
      • Escalofr\u00edos.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        \u201cLa neumon\u00eda es, m\u00e1s bien, una infecci\u00f3n (bacteriana) de los sacos a\u00e9reos de uno o ambos pulmones\u201d, dijo Henderson. \u201cCualquiera puede contraerla, aunque nos preocupan especialmente nuestros pacientes adultos mayores, los pacientes con enfermedades cr\u00f3nicas y los ni\u00f1os peque\u00f1os\u201d.<\/p>\n

        La neumon\u00eda suele ser causada por bacterias, lo que significa que requiere tratamiento con antibi\u00f3ticos. Tambi\u00e9n puede progresar r\u00e1pidamente, por lo que no debe ignorarse.<\/p>\n

        \u00bfCu\u00e1ndo debo acudir al m\u00e9dico si tengo s\u00edntomas?<\/strong><\/h2>\n

        Dado que puede resultar dif\u00edcil distinguir entre la bronquitis y la neumon\u00eda, Henderson recomienda consultar a un profesional de la salud si presenta s\u00edntomas de cualquiera de ambas enfermedades.<\/p>\n

        \u201cSi la persona se siente enferma y tiene dificultad para respirar, deber\u00eda considerar revisarse por un profesional de la salud\u201d, dijo Henderson. \u201cPor lo general, la bronquitis mejora por s\u00ed sola; solo requiere tiempo. Pero no queremos pasar por alto una neumon\u00eda\u201d.<\/p>\n

        Entre los pacientes con mayor riesgo de contraer bronquitis o neumon\u00eda se encuentran:<\/strong><\/h3>\n
          \n
        • Las personas mayores de 65 a\u00f1os.<\/li>\n
        • Aquellas personas con enfermedades cr\u00f3nicas, tales como asma, diabetes, cardiopat\u00edas y afecciones pulmonares.<\/li>\n
        • Los ni\u00f1os peque\u00f1os.<\/li>\n
        • Haber padecido influenza anteriormente tambi\u00e9n constituye un factor de riesgo, ya que el virus puede derivar en neumon\u00eda.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          \u201cSi la afecci\u00f3n avanza con rapidez, debe buscar atenci\u00f3n m\u00e9dica de inmediato\u201d, dijo Henderson.<\/p>\n

          El diagn\u00f3stico y el tratamiento para la neumon\u00eda y la bronquitis<\/strong><\/h2>\n

          Su m\u00e9dico revisar\u00e1 sus signos vitales y recopilar\u00e1 el historial de sus s\u00edntomas para establecer un diagn\u00f3stico. La \u00fanica forma de confirmar la neumon\u00eda es mediante una radiograf\u00eda de t\u00f3rax.<\/p>\n

          Dado que la neumon\u00eda suele ser causada por bacterias, habitualmente se trata con antibi\u00f3ticos. Su m\u00e9dico le recetar\u00e1 un antibi\u00f3tico adecuado, tomando en consideraci\u00f3n cualquier resistencia a los antibi\u00f3ticos que pueda haber. En el caso de la bronquitis, al ser una infecci\u00f3n viral, la bronquitis no requiere antibi\u00f3ticos.<\/p>\n

          Tanto para la bronquitis como para la neumon\u00eda, el tratamiento incluye:<\/strong><\/h3>\n
            \n
          • Descanso e hidrataci\u00f3n<\/li>\n
          • Los medicamentos de venta libre \u2014tales como los jarabes para la tos, los descongestivos y los antiinflamatorios no esteroideos (como el ibuprofeno)\u2014 pueden ayudar a aliviar los s\u00edntomas, despejar las v\u00edas respiratorias al fluidificar la mucosidad y facilitar la tos. No obstante, consulte siempre con su profesional de la salud para asegurarse de que el medicamento sea seguro para usted.<\/li>\n
          • Los lavados nasales con soluci\u00f3n salina tambi\u00e9n pueden resultar \u00fatiles, especialmente si el paciente presenta s\u00edntomas respiratorios superiores (en la nariz, garganta, senos paranasales).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            La mejor manera de prevenir tanto la bronquitis como la neumon\u00eda es:<\/strong><\/h3>\n
              \n
            • Vacunarse contra la gripe puede ayudar a prevenir tanto la bronquitis como la neumon\u00eda.<\/li>\n
            • Lavarse las manos con regularidad.<\/li>\n
            • Evitar fumar.<\/li>\n
            • Se puede recomendar una vacuna contra la neumon\u00eda a los pacientes de mayor riesgo.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              \u201cTanto la bronquitis como la neumon\u00eda son muy comunes, y resulta dif\u00edcil distinguir entre ambas\u201d, dijo Henderson. \u201cPor lo tanto, no dude en consultar a su profesional de la salud si presenta s\u00edntomas de alguna de alguna de estas enfermedades\u201d.<\/p>\n

              Este art\u00edculo fue publicado originalmente en Steamboat Pilot & Today.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

              Si ha tenido una tos persistente, dificultad para respirar y se siente agotado, es posible que tenga bronquitis. Por otro lado, podr\u00eda tratarse de neumon\u00eda. Ambas enfermedades presentan s\u00edntomas similares, pero requieren tratamientos diferentes. Y es especialmente importante diagnosticar la neumon\u00eda, ya que puede convertirse r\u00e1pidamente en un problema de salud grave. A continuaci\u00f3n, Crystal […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2163,"featured_media":22547,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_relevanssi_hide_post":"","_relevanssi_hide_content":"","_relevanssi_pin_for_all":"","_relevanssi_pin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_unpin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_include_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_exclude_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_no_append":"","_relevanssi_related_not_related":"","_relevanssi_related_posts":"","_relevanssi_noindex_reason":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[9192],"tags":[9245,9132,9212],"class_list":["post-90067","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-espanol","tag-enfermedades-infecciosas","tag-traducciones-en-espanol","tag-vida-saludable"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nC\u00f3mo saber si es neumon\u00eda o bronquitis - UCHealth Today<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"La bronquitis y la neumon\u00eda presentan s\u00edntomas similares, pero requieren tratamientos diferentes. 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